If you have ever looked in the mirror and noticed dark patches of skin on your face that seem to appear out of nowhere, chances are you have encountered melasma. This common but misunderstood skin condition can be frustrating and confusing; but with the right knowledge, it is manageable. In this article, we will break down what melasma is, its main causes, and how to avoid it altogether with the help of a melasma clinic in Singapore.
Table of Contents
What is melasma?
Melasma is a skin condition that results in brown or grayish-brown patches appearing on areas of the face, most commonly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. It is not just about a couple of dark spots—it is more like a noticeable change in skin tone that can feel pretty hard to miss. While melasma is not harmful in the sense that it is not a medical emergency, it can certainly be frustrating and challenging to treat.
The condition occurs when there is an excess of melanin, the pigment that gives the skin its color. This increase in melanin leads to dark patches that are often symmetrical (think: both sides of your face) and vary in size.
The real kicker? Melasma is notoriously tricky to treat and tends to flare up under certain conditions.
What are the tell-tale signs of melasma?
1. Symmetrical brown or grayish patches on the face
Melasma is often easy to identify due to the distinctive color and shape of the patches. The most common areas affected are the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and chin.
If you notice that your skin has darkened in these areas and the patches seem to appear all at once, it is a good idea to consider melasma as a possibility. The color of the patches can vary, but it is often a brown, tan, or even slightly grayish hue. They might start as small spots and slowly grow larger over time, making them hard to ignore.
2. A close relationship with sun exposure
One of the biggest triggers of melasma is sun exposure. UV rays stimulate the production of melanin, which is fine if you are looking for a tan. But for those prone to melasma, it can exacerbate the condition and make the dark patches more noticeable. Even if you are not out in direct sunlight for hours on end, everyday exposure to sunlight through windows or while walking around outside can contribute to melasma flare-ups.
In fact, the darker patches often get worse in the summer months when the sun is at its peak. So, if you notice that your melasma worsens during sunny seasons, it is no coincidence. The good news? You can still enjoy the outdoors without letting melasma take over your skin.
3. Hormonal changes are at play
This condition is closely linked to changes in hormone levels, which is why it is more common in women, especially during pregnancy (it is called the “mask of pregnancy” for a reason), or for those taking birth control or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). If you have recently switched birth control pills or experienced pregnancy, melasma may develop, even if you have never had a skin issue before.
Pregnancy-induced melasma (also known as chloasma) is particularly common, and the hormonal fluctuations that come with pregnancy can make the patches pop up around the second trimester. These patches might lighten or disappear after childbirth, but they can also stay around for longer than expected, depending on the individual.
4. Your skin tone is more susceptible
Melasma is much more common in people with medium to dark skin tones. If you have a darker complexion, your skin is naturally more prone to producing excess melanin, which can increase the likelihood of developing melasma. While it is not exclusive to these skin tones, it is certainly more prevalent among people of Asian, Latin American, and African descent.
Even if you have never experienced a skin condition before, melasma could still be in your future if you have this skin type, especially if you live in a sunny area or spend a lot of time outdoors. For fair-skinned folks, melasma can also occur, though it tends to be less common.
5. Stress and medications can trigger it
The stressors of life are more than just emotional; they can have physical consequences too—like triggering melasma. Yes, stress can actually contribute to the appearance of dark spots on your skin. It may sound a bit like a stretch, but it is true. When you are under stress, your body produces more of the hormone cortisol, which can lead to an increase in melanin production, sparking melasma.
Certain medications, particularly oral contraceptives, hormone therapies, and some antibiotics, can also increase your risk of melasma. If you have recently started a new medication and noticed dark patches showing up, it might be worth chatting with your doctor about it.
How to avoid melasma (and treat it if you have it)
Okay, so now you know the signs of melasma. But what can you do about it? Here is how to keep melasma at bay—and how to deal with it if it is already knocking on your door.
1. Sun protection is your BFF
This is the golden rule. Sun exposure is one of the top triggers of melasma, so keeping your skin shielded from UV rays is crucial. Make sure you are using a broad-spectrum sunscreen every day—yes, even when it is cloudy, or you are just popping out for a quick errand. Look for sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher, and choose formulas that are specifically designed for sensitive or melasma-prone skin. Do not forget to reapply every two hours!
It is also wise to put on protective clothing and accessories, like wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses, when you are out in the sun for long periods. Trust us, your skin will thank you later.
2. Get on top of your skincare routine
Melasma may seem like an uphill battle, but your skincare routine can play a significant role in minimizing the appearance of dark spots. Look for ingredients like hydroquinone (a skin-lightening agent), retinoids, and vitamin C. These ingredients can help fade melasma patches by inhibiting melanin production and promoting cell turnover.
For people with sensitive skin, azelaic acid or niacinamide might be gentler alternatives that still help reduce pigmentation.
3. Consider professional treatments
If you have tried everything at home and still feel like your melasma is not improving, it might be time to visit a dermatologist. Chemical peels, laser treatments, and microneedling can be effective ways to target stubborn melasma. Lasers like the fractional CO2 laser or Q-switched lasers work by targeting the excess melanin and breaking it down, making it less visible.
While these treatments can be effective, they are not without risks, so it is important to consult with a dermatologist who understands your skin type and can recommend the best option for you.
4. Stress less
It is easier said than done, but managing your stress levels can have a positive impact on your skin. Take time for self-care, practice relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga, and make sure you are getting enough sleep. Less stress means less cortisol, and fewer melasma flare-ups.
5. Embrace patience and consistency
Melasma is a long lasting condition, and it may take time to see improvements. But with the right aesthetic treatment, UV protection, and professional help, you can manage and even reduce the appearance of dark patches. The key is consistency—stay committed to your skincare routine, avoid sun exposure, and be patient!
–
Dr David Ng
One Face Clinic
1 Tras Link #02-03 Orchid Hotel
Singapore 078867
+65 6222 2262
